Diabetic foot care and prevention
Diabetes can increase the risk of serious foot problems, including neuropathy (nerve damage) and blood vessel disease, both of which raise the risk of foot ulcers. The nerves in the feet are the longest in the body, making them more susceptible to damage. As a result, individuals with diabetes may lose sensation in their feet, making it difficult to notice small injuries until they develop into serious ulcers.
Preventing diabetic foot problems
Proper foot care is essential for preventing complications. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommend these essential steps to protect your feet:
- Check your feet daily for cuts, sores, bruises, or infections. Use a mirror or ask someone for help if needed.
- Wash your feet daily with warm water and mild soap. If you have neuropathy, test the water temperature with a thermometer or your elbow before putting your feet in. Avoid long soaks, as they can dry out the skin.
- Keep your feet moisturized (except between the toes) using petroleum jelly or a lotion with lanolin to prevent dry, cracked skin. Use talcum powder or cornstarch between the toes to keep the area dry.
- Trim toenails straight across to prevent ingrown toenails or cuts.
Footwear and circulation tips
- Wear well-fitting shoes that allow your toes to move freely. Break in new shoes gradually.
- Check inside your shoes before putting them on to ensure there are no sharp edges or foreign objects that could cause injury.
- Wear thick, soft socks (avoid stockings with seams or mended areas that could irritate your feet).
- Avoid going barefoot, especially on hot sand, rocks or rough surfaces.
- Avoid crossing your legs, as it can reduce circulation to the feet. Elevate your legs while sitting and wiggle your toes throughout the day to encourage blood flow.
- If your feet are cold at night, wear socks instead of using heating pads or hot water bottles, which can cause burns due to reduced sensation.
Regular medical care
- Have your feet checked at every healthcare visit. While waiting, take off your shoes and socks to make it easier for your provider to assess them.
- Contact a podiatrist if you notice:
- A sore that isn’t healing properly
- A cut, break in the skin or an ingrown toenail
- Changes in foot color, shape, or sensation, including pain or loss of feeling
